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作宾语

1.作动词的宾语

某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：

admit,appreciate,excuse,stand,advise,allow,permit,avoid,consider,enjoy,finish,give up,cannot help(can't help),imagine,include,keep,understand,keep on,mind,report,risk,miss,put off,delay,practise,resist,suggest,depend on,think about,set about,succeed in,worry about,burst out,insist on,feel like,be used to,get used to,devote…to…，look forward to,pay attention to,get down to,escape 等。如：

They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走，说个不停。

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

每当马克违反交通规则时，他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。

有些动词之后既可接动词不定式，又可接动名词，可把这类动词分为三种类型：两种形式所表达的含义基本相同，可以互换。这类动词有：

attempt ，begin，cease，continue，intend，omit，start，cannot bear，decline，disdain，loathe，neglect，commence。例如：

They ceased talking/to talk.他们停止说话。

Prices will continue to rise/rising.物价将继续上扬。

What do you intend to do/doing next?你下一步打算干什么?

宾语用不定式和动名词所表达的含义略有变化。用不定式作宾语时，表示特定的一次性的未来动作;用动名词则表示一般的行为，或者是目前正在进行的行为。也可以说，动名词表示泛指的动作，而不定式表示特指的动作。常这样用的动词有：hate，like，love，prefer，dread等。

例如：

Would you like to go with me?你想跟我一起走吗?

He preferred to do this rather than do that.他宁愿做这件事，而不愿做那件事。

2.作介词的宾语

动词+介词+动名词

例如：The rain prevented us from completing the work.下雨妨碍我们完成工作。

She complains of the book being too difficult.她抱怨这本书太难。

形容词+介词+动名词

例如：I know who is responsible for breaking the window.我知道窗户是谁打破的。

名词+介词+动名词

例如：There are many ways of doing it.有许多方法可以做这件事。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?我们休息呢还是开始干活?

there be和it is也可变为动名词there being 和it being与介词连用。

例如：The car stoppedbecause of there being no fuel in the tank.

因为油箱里没有油，所以汽车停了下来。

介词+动名词也可在句中作状语，表示时间、条件等。

例如：On leaving school,he went into business.一离开学校，他就投身到商业中去了。

3.作形容词的宾语

The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。

例：

Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)

What I hate most is being laughed at.我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.)

The most popular pastime is playing chess.最大众化的消遣是下棋(The most popular pastime is to play chess.)

The only thing that interests her is working.她唯一感兴趣的事就是工作.