2023年初中语法:宾语从句
宾语从句
在整个句子中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.
她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
(“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。)
1. 宾语从句的分类
(1)动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
例如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
(2)介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
例如:I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。
(3)形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
例如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
2. 引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语)
这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语)
你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?
3. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点
(1)时态
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
(2)语序
任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。