单一主语的主谓一致

单数的主语跟单数的动词，复数的主语跟复数的动词，这是符合语法一致的原则。但在实际运用中，往往会出现较为复杂的情况：

A. 形复意单的名词作主语

形复意单的名词作主语(即形式为复数，意义为单数)，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。

1. 许多学科名称，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名词作主语时，动词用单数。

Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每个学生的必修科目。

News is traveling fast nowadays. 当今新闻传播得很快。

2. 用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待，谓语用单数。

The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 联合国通过了解除对伊制裁的决定。

The Times reports the news of the strike. 时代杂志报导了罢工的消息。

Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写的。

注意：

如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。

The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部。

The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。

3. 一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称，作主语时，谓语用复数。

My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。

His glasses are new. 他的眼镜是新的。

注意：

这些名词如用a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。

The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。

The pair of shoes is under the bed. 这双鞋在床下。

4. 单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数;用作复数意义时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。

The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 这家玻璃厂建于1986年。

The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。

This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰很稀有。

The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类很多。

Sheep are raised for wool. 养羊是为了剪毛。

There is a sheep under the tree. 树下有一只绵羊。

比较：

当这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时，谓语用单数;有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数。

Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。

All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。

B. 集合名词作主语

集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, union等。

1. 集合名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若表示构成该集合体的成员，则谓语动词用复数。

His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。

But the man's family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。

One third of the population here are workers. 这里人口中有三分之一是工人。

The population of the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增长。

2. 有些集合名词，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，即所谓的“形单意复”。

The police have caught the thief. 警察已经抓住了小偷。

The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。

Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 现在的年轻人和20年前大不一样。

Some folk are never satisfied. 有些人从不知足。

比较：

几组集合名词作主语的句子。

The team is well organized. 这个队组织得很好。

The team are all tough players. 这个队的队员都很强壮。

All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同学都高兴地跳了起来。

The class is made up of 54 students. 这班由54名学生组成。

The young couple is happy. 这对年轻夫妇很幸福。

The young couple are quarrelling with each other. 这对年轻夫妇正在吵架。

The village is at the foot of the mountain. 这个村子在山脚下。

All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出来欢迎他。

3.有些无生命(表示物)的集合名词作主语，谓语用单数。

All the furniture in my room is new. 我房间里的家具都是新的。

Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的气候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。

The machinery is driven by electricity. 这些机器是由电力驱动的。

Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已经运到了吗?

A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 这里需要大量徒步旅行的装备。

C. 代词作主语

1.名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。

Ours is a great country. 我们的(国家)是一个伟大的国家。(ours = our country)

Your shoes are black, and mine are brown. 你的鞋是黑色的，我的(鞋)是棕色的。( mine=my shoes)

2.such, the same等指示代词作主语时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements. 爱因斯坦就是这样一个俭朴而又取得巨大成就的人。

Such are her wishes. 她的愿望就这些。

3.关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。

Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands. 那些想去野餐的人请举手。

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 一些被人类使用的能量来自于太阳

注意：

在 one of+复数名词+whothatwhich 引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词whothatwhich的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但当one之前有the, the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。

This is one of the best films that have been shown this year. 这是今年所放的最佳电影中的一部。

She is the only one of the girls who sings best. 她是这么多女孩中唯一歌唱得最好的。

4.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。

Who lives upstairs It is Xiao Wang. 谁住在楼上?小王。

Who live next door It is Li and Zhang. 谁住在隔壁?李和张。

5.不定代词作主语时，有以下两种情况：

①some, all, any, none, more, most等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词，它们作主语时，视其文中的意义，判断动词用单数还是复数的形式。

Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。

All are present today, Mr Li. answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。

None is so good as he. 没有人像他那么好。

None are so good as those who are always ready to help others. 没有人像那些总是乐于助人的人那么好。

提示：

在口语中，none of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数均可，要以说话人所想的而定。

None of the telephones workswork. 这些电话都坏了。

None of us havehas been to Dalian. 我们中谁也没去过大连。

②some, all, any, none, more, most等词接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。

Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。

Most of the colour blind people are men. 色盲的人大多数是男的。

D. 数词、量词作主语

1. 数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语通常用复数。

About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道这个秘密。

Six are missing. 丢了六个。

2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。

More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。

3. one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。

One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在这场事故中有十分之一的人受了伤。

4. “a +单数名词 + or two” 结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。

One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。

5. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。

Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。

Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好几个男孩到过那城堡。

6. “one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。

One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。

One and a half years has passed. 一年半时间过去了。

7. “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。

Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。

Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year. 每年大约有百分之十的森林被毁。

8. 用plusand表示“加”，用minus表示“减”，和用times表示“乘”时，动词多用单数，但也可用复数。

Two and two isare four. 二加二是四。

Ten times five isare fifty. 十乘五等于五十。

注意：

用from表示“被减”，multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”，其谓语动词用单数。

8 from 10 leaves 2. 10减8等于2。

25 divided by 5 equals 5. 25除以5等于5。

9. 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Fifty kilometers is a long distance. 五十公里是一段长距离。

Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4，000美元。

The six months was a terrible dream for her. 那6个月对她来说是一场恶梦。

Only six days was allowed to make preparations for the final examination. 只给了六天的时间来准备期末考试。

注意：

若强调这类结构的复数意义，谓语动词也可用复数形式。

Six years have passed since my father left home. 我父亲离家已经六年了。

The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 优胜者花了三小时跑完了50英里的路程。

There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屉里有八块银元。

10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为of后面的名词是中心词，而of前面的量词是修饰语。

Lots of damage was caused by fire. 许多损失由火灾引起的。

Lots of goods were sent there by air. 大量的货物空运到那里。

Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子烂了。

Half of the food is unfit to eat. 这食物中有一半不能吃。

11. 在“a numbertotal of+名词复数”结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数形式。但在“the numbertotal of+ 名词复数”结构中，中心词却是number或total，故谓语动词用单数形式。

A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有相当多的学生在打篮球。

The number of pages in this book is 900. 这本书的页数是900。

A total of 3，000 letters were received last month. 上个月共收到3，000封信。

The total of letters received last month was 3，000. 上个月收到信件共3，000封。

12. 在“a great deal of a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。

A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。

A large amount of money is spent on the project. 这个工程耗费了巨额资金。

Large amounts of money were spent on the free way. 建高速公路花了大量的钱。

13. “the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。

The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。

The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。