现在完成进行时的基础知识

现在完成进行时，是英语中，动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：主语+助动词(have/has)+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。(与since，for连用时，要用连续性动词，不可用瞬间动词，但连续性动词常常表示动作会进行下去)

也可以表示某种经历。

但注意，现在完成进行时所应用的语境必须是现在(now等状语的提示或者根据上下文、语境)的，不能应用在过去的语境(如出现明确表示是在过去某一个时刻的状语)

现在完成进行时的构成

现在完成进行时是由“have/has been +现在分词”构成的。

He is ill. He's been lying in bed for three weeks.

他病了，已经卧床3个星期了。

Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?

你眼睛红了。你刚刚哭过了吗?

What have you been doing all this time?

这半天你干什么来着?

现在完成进行时的用法

①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在

现在完成进行时常和all this time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语连用。

I have been reading Hemingway's Farewell to Arms recently.

我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。

She has been reciting the words all the morning.

她整个上午都在背单词。

This is what I have been expecting since my childhood.

这是我从小以来就一直期待着的事情。

②表示动作刚刚结束

My clothes are all wet. I've been working in the rain.

我的衣服全湿了，我刚才一直在雨中干活。

He is dead drunk. He's been drinking with his friends.

他烂醉如泥，他刚才一直在和朋友们喝酒。

③表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作

You've been saying that for five years.

这话你已经说了五年了。

He has been writing articles to the newspapers and magazines since he became a teacher.

自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊杂志撰稿。

④表达较重的感情色彩

What have you been doing to my dictionary?

看你把我的字典弄成什么样子了!

Time has been flying so quickly!

时间过得可真快啊!

Too much has been happening today.

今天可真是个多事的日子。

现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较

①现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。

Have you been meeting him recently?

你最近常和他见面吗?

Have you met him recently?

你最近见到过他吗?

②现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。

I have been waiting for you for two hours.

我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)

I have waited for you for two hours.

我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)

③现在完成进行时强调动作，而现在完成时强调结果。

Who has been eating the oranges?

谁一直在吃这些桔子呀?(还剩余一些)

Who has eaten the oranges?

谁把桔子吃光了?(强调吃得一个不剩)