1.状语从句

用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句叫状语从句，因其具有副词性质，所以也被称为副词性从句。

状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，也是每年中考必考重点内容。

从历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句的考查内容来看，命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连接词、状语从句的时态等方面。九大状语从句中，同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句和让步状语从句上。

1.时间状语从句

(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as等连词来引导。

例如：

It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday.

我们昨天去学校时，雨下得很大。

While he was doing his homework,the telephone rang.

他做作业时，电话铃响了。

As he walked along the lake,he sang happily.

他沿湖走着，开心地唱着歌。

He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

他来中国前，学了一点点中文。

After he finished middle school,he went to work in a factory.

初中毕业后，他去工厂工作了。

(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

例如：

I'll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

我一到纽约，就给你打电话。

I will tell him everything when he comes back.

他回来时，我会告诉他一切。

He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

直到他亲眼见了，他才相信。

(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里;如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到.....时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词;如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到.....才.....”，“在.....以前不....”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。

例如：

The young man read till the light went out.

这个年轻人一直读到灯熄了。

Let's wait until the rain stops.

让我们等雨停。

We won't start until Bob comes.

等到鲍尔来了，我们再开始。

Don't get off until the bus stops.

等车停稳再下车。

2.地点状语从句

地点状语从句常常由where 来引导。

例如：

Go where you like .

你想去哪就去哪儿。

Where there is a will,there is a way.

有志者，事竟成

3.条件状语从句

(1)条件状语从句通常由if和unless 引导。例如：

What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

明天下雪的话，我们该怎么办?

Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

除非我叫你，否则不准离开这座大厦。

(2)在条件状语从句，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。

例如：

I'll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.

如果明天有空的话，我会来帮你辅导英语。

He won't be late unless he is ill.

除非他病了，不然他不会迟到的。

(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。

例如：

Hurry up,or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up,you’ll be late.

赶快，不然你要迟到了。

Study hard and you will pass the exam.=If you study hard,you will pass the exam.

努力学习，你就能考试过关。

4.原因状语从句

(1)原因状语从句通常有because,since和as引导。

例如：

He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

因为他生病了，所以没来上课。

As it is raining,we shall not go to the zoo.

外面下雨了，我们不能去动物园了。

Since you can’t answer the question .I’ll ask someone else.

由于你无法回答这个问题，我将请其他人来回答。

(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后，回到由why提出的问题，只能用because、as和since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since 引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。

例如：

—Why aren’t you going there?

—你为什么不去那里?

—Because I don’t want do.

因为我不想去。

As he has no car, he can't get there easily.

因为没有车，他没法很容易到那里。

Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

因为我们没有钱，我们不能买这个。

(3)because和so不能用在同一个句子里。

5.结果状语从句

(1)结果状语句由so...that,such...that,so that等引导。

例如：

He is so poor that he can't buy a bike for his son .

他太穷了，没法给儿子买一辆自行车。

She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

她是一个如此好的老师以至于所有人都喜欢她。

My pencil fell under the desk,so that I couldn’t see it.

我的铅笔因为跌落到桌子底下了，所以我看不见它了。

(2)So...that与such....that 可以互换。

在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是：“...so+形容词(副词)+that=从句”。

例如：

He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.

他太兴奋了以至于说不出话来。

The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000people.

这个大厅如此大以至于可以容纳2000人。

Mother lives so far away that we could hardly ever see her.

妈妈住的很远，以至于我们几乎看不到她。

在由such...that 引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。

例如：

It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.

天气如此热以至于人都不想做事情。

He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.

他的胳膊如此长以至于几乎能够到天花板。

He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exams.

他进步非常大，在期中考试中考得很好。

有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。

例如：

It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.

电影太精彩了，我们所有人都想再看一遍。

It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.

这个比赛如此重要以至于没有人想错过。

(3)如果名词前有many、much、little、few等词修饰时，只能用so，不用such.

例如：

Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.

很快就来了非常多的鹿以至于野玫瑰一会就被吃没了。

He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.

他几乎没有时间，所以没法和你一起看电影。

6.比较状语从句

比较状语从句通常由as....as,“比较级+than”等连词引导。

例如：

Tom runs faster than John does.

Tom比约翰跑得快。

This classroom is as big as that one.

这个教室和那个一样大。

7.目的状语从句

(1)目的状语从句通常由so that，in order that等引导。

例如：

We started early so that we could catch the first train.

为了可以追上早班车，我们走的很早。

He studied hard so that he could work better in the future.

他努力学习，那样以后就可以找个更好的工作。

We used the computer in order that we might save time.

为了节省时间，我们使用了电脑。

(2)So that 即可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：①目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等;②从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示目的很明确。

例如：

Speak clearly so that they may understand you.(目的状语从句)

说得清楚一点，那样他们就可以理解你。

Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句)

杰克生病非常严重，以至于不得不休息。

8.让步状语从句

(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。

例如：

Though he is young,he knows a lot.

尽管他很年轻，但是他知道的很多。

Although I am tired,I must go on working.

尽管我很累，但我必须继续工作。

(3)although/though与but不能用在同一个句子中。

例如：

Though it was raining hard,but he still went out.(误)

Though it was raining hard,he still went out.或It was raining hard,but he still went out(正)

尽管下雨很大，他还是出去了。