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功能及意义

1. 表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。

常由下列副词修饰：

ever曾经

never从不

already已经

yet还(未)(yet只用在否定句和疑问句中)

just刚刚

recently最近

lately近来

so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now，

before 以前

例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

你曾经去过长城吗?

I have never heard of such a man.

我从没有听说过那个人。

We have just had lunch.

我们刚刚吃过午饭。

I have already returned your money.

我已经把钱还给你了。

I haven't found my book yet.(否)

我还没有找到笔记本。

Have you done your homework yet?

(疑)你做作业了吗?

Have you heard from him recently ?

你最近收到他的来信了吗?

So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.

迄今为止，还没有人犯错误。

I have never traveled by plane before.

我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。

2. 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用：

→for +一段时间

I have learned English for 8 years.

→since +过去的一个时间点

I have learned English since 2001.

→since +一段时间+ ago

I have learned English since 8 years ago.

→since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句

I have learned English since I was 5 years old.

→ in the past/last +时间段

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.

近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。