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初中英语--宾语从句专项复习

复习内容：宾语从句考点归纳

复习目标：

1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

2、掌握宾语从句的语序主句+连接词+主语+谓语

3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应。

重点：语序和时态呼应

难点：语序和时态呼应;与疑问词+不定式的转化;与状语从句的辨析

考点梳理：

一、　　宾语从句的连接词：

1、　　连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。

eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

2、　　连词if 、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作是否解，在口语中多用if。

eg. Tom dont know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.

He asked me whether or not I was coming.

一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：

①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.

②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

3、　　连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how， 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义

。

eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.

I wonder where he got so much money.

【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和疑问词+不定式结构转化。

eg. I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.

2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

二、　　宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结

构。

Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)

Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( )

The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)

陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, I will leave a message on the desk. She said

she would leave a message on the desk.

一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. Where are the tickets? I asked him.

I asked him where the tickets are.

三、　　宾语从句的时态呼应：

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受

限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。

eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)

I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )

【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.

四、　　其他需要说明的问题：

1、　　标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。

eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?

2、　　要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。

▲五、 宾语从句和状语从句的区分：

eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.

2) I dont know if the train has arrived.

句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示条件，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从

句，充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否已到达。

判断方法：

1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外)，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。

2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为是否，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为如果。when充当

宾语从句的连接词时，意为什么时候， 充当状语从句的连接词时，意为当的时候

3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连

词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。

e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.

An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.

They dont know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend

Could you tell me when (什么时候)the train arrives ?

Well go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesnt rain tomorrow.

=If doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the Great Wall.

They knew each other when(当时候)they were children.

=When they were children