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2022年中考英语考点:被动语态复习要点

2021-11-30 14:01:30中考网整合
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  中考网整理了关于2022年中考英语考点:被动语态复习要点,希望对同学们有所帮助,仅供参考。

  被动语态复习要点

  A.熟记结构

  被动语态的结构为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(p.p)”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为:

  一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.

  一般过去时:was/were+p.p.

  一般将来时:shall /will be +p.p.

  现在完成时:have /has been +p.p.

  现在进行时:am/is/are+being+p.p.

  过去将来时:should /would be +p.p.

  含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p.p.例如:

  ① Chinese ______ by the largest number of people.

  A.speak

  B.is speaking

  C.speaks

  D.is spoken

  (② The boy ______ to get supper ready after school.

  A.were told

  B.is telling

  C.was told

  D.tells

  ③ A lot of new roads ______ built in the west of China.

  A.must

  B.must be

  C.has

  D.have

  B.明确用法

  被动语态常用于以下两种情况:

  1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;

  2.强调动作的承受者。例如:

  这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。

  The tree ______ ______ by that boy.

  C.熟练转换

  1.将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为:

  ①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语;

  ②谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态;

  ③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。(有时by短语可以省略)。

  2.被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前;否定句是在第一个助动词后加not;特殊疑问句的语序为:疑问词+一般疑问句。例如:

  ① You must throw the broken pottery away at once.

  The broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once.(同义句)

  (② Where did they grow vegetables?(改为被动语态)

  Where ______ vegetables ______ ?

  D.注意特例

  将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况:

  1.含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法:

  ①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变;

  ②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如:

  ① He told us a story.(变被动语态)

  →We were told a story(by him).或:A story was told to us by him.

  ② Her mother gave her a new pen.(变被动语态)

  A new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother.

  2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如:

  ① This dictionary mustn t ______ from the library.

  A.take away

  B.taken away

  C.are taken away

  D.be taken away

  ② She will take good care of the children.(变被动语态)

  The children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (by her).

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