2022年中考英语知识点：巧记that 和which的用法异同
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巧记that 和which的用法异同
1． 相同点：这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物，在句中都可以作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。如：
He told a story which/that moved us deeply. 他讲了一个使我们深受感动的故事。（作主语）
The letter (that/which) I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.
我昨天收到的那封信是我的朋友寄来的。（作宾语）
2． 不同点：
（1）下列情况用that而不用which：
1当先行词是不定词（all，little, much, none, everything, something, anything, nothing 等）或被不定代词（all, every, some, any, no, little, much, few等）修饰时。如：
All that can be done has been done. 凡是能的事情都已经做好了。
Are there any questions that you can’t answer? 你有不会回答的问题吗？
2当先行词前有修饰词only，just，last时。如：
This is the only successful example that we know. 这是我们所知道的唯一一个成功的例子。
The last place that we visited in the country was a farm. 我们在农村参观的最后一个地方时一家农场。
3当先行词指 “物”并被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting match that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的比赛中最激烈的一场。
Mary was the first who/that arrived at the cinema. 玛丽是第一个到达电影院的。（先行词指人用who或that）
4当先行词指人又指物时。如：
He was talking about the people and the things that he remembered, 他谈起了他记得的人和事。
The boy and dog that are in the picture are very lovely. 图画上的小孩和狗都很可爱。
5先行词作表语时。如：
China is not the country that she was. 中国已经不是过去的中国了。
Our village is no longer the place that it used to be. 我们村不是从前的那个样子了。
6 主句是以who，which开头的疑问句，为了避免重复用that。如：
Who is the man that is standing at the school gate? 站在学校门口的那个人是谁？
Which is the bus that was made in Shanghai? 哪辆车是上海制造的？
7当先行词是数词时。如：
Yesterday he caught three fish and put them in the pool. Now you can see the three that are still alive.
昨天他逮了三条鱼，然后把它们放进了池子里，现在你能看见那三条还活着的鱼。
（2）下列情况用which而不用that：
1介词提到关系代词之前时。如：
This is the house in which Tom once lived. 这是汤姆以前住过的房子。
This is the train by which we went to Beijing. 这就是我们去北京乘坐的那列火车。
2 先行词本身为that时，为避免重复用which。如：
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在空中闪光的东西是什么啊?
3在非限制性定语从句中（主句和从句用逗号隔开）。如：
All the books here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by her.
这里所有的书都是由她写的，书中有漂亮的插图。
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