中考常考词汇短语辨析总结
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| a number of | “许多，大量”A number of studentsarein the classroom. |
| the number of | “……的数量”The number of our studentsis50.作主语，谓语用单数 |
some 和any
| some | “一些”，可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词； |
用于肯定句
但说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时，some可以用在疑问句。 你要喝咖啡吗？ Would you likesomecoffee? |
| any |
用于否定句，疑问句There aren’t anystudents in the classroom.
如在肯定句，表示“任何”。 |
many和much
| “许多” | 问数量 | “太多” | |
| 可数 |
many
Many books |
how many
How many books do you have? |
too many
too many books |
| 不可数 |
much
much water |
how much
还可以问价格“多少钱” How much water do you have? How much is the book? |
too much
too much water |
both 和all
| both | “两者都” |
Both of his parents joined the meeting.
他的父母都参加了会议。 |
| all | 三者及以上的全部 |
All the students are in the classroom.
所有学生都在教室。 |
few和little
| 肯定意义“有一点儿” | 否定意义“几乎没有” | |
| 可数 |
a few
I have a few friends. 我有一些朋友。 |
Few
I am new here.SoI have few friends. 我是新来的。所以我几乎没有朋友。 |
| 不可数 |
a little
There is a littlemilk. 那儿还有一点儿牛奶。 |
little
There is little milk.You need to buy some. 那儿几乎没有牛奶了。你需要买一些。
|
1)We’d better wait _______ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon.
a fewB. few C. a little D. little
2)Inourschool,______studentslikeEnglish,but______ofthemcanspeakEnglishsmoothly.
alittle;afew B.afew;few C.afew,little D.alittle;few
| because作连词，because +句子 | He is absent today because he is ill. |
| because of为介词短语后接名词名词短语或代词 | Because of the heavy rain, he missed the early bus |
|
Neither… nor…即不…也不…(两者都不)
Neither you nor he likes cats. 你和他都不喜欢猫。
|
遵循就近原则 |
|
Either… or…不是…就是…(两者中的一个)
Either Lily or youarea student. 要么你要么莉莉是学生。 |
|
|
Not only …but (also)… 不仅……而且……
Not only he but also I am a student. 不仅他我也是一个学生。 |
|
| both……and……两者都 | Both he and Iarestudents. |
| be made of _______ | “由……制成的”of简单，看得出原材料 |
| be made from _______ | “由……制成的”，看不出原材料 |
| be made in _______ | 产自 |
| be made by______ | 被谁制成的 |
| how 的提问 | 回答 |
| How long （多长时间） | for+时间段 |
| How often (多久一次) | 回答频率副词，often/ once/twice a week |
| How soon （多久之后） | in+时间段 in two hours |
| How far (多远) | 回答路程：five minutes’ walk |
| How much多少（钱） | 回答数量或价格 |
| How many多少 | 回答数量 |
|
other
each other彼此
|
___“其它的”，后接名词复数_______无范围限制________ |
Do you have any other question(s)? We need to help each other. |
|
the other
one ……the other …… 一个……另一个 |
____后接名词复数，特定范围里剩下的其它部分_____ |
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the otheris a worker.
|
|
others
some……others…… 一些……另一些 |
“其它的”，_后不可接名词，无范围限制_
__________________________ |
Someof us like singing and dancing, otherslike sports. |
| the others |
后不可接名词，特定范围里剩下的其它部分 |
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. |
|
another
表示“又”“再”时 another five minutes= five more minutes |
_三者及以上的另一个_，后接名词单数_ |
I don't like this one. Please show me another.
|
hundred
threestudents 三百个学生
| hundreds （百）of | 数以百计的 |
| thousands （千）of | 数以千计的 |
| millions(百万） of | 数以百万的 |
| billions（十亿） of | 数以十亿的 |
| spend 过去式spent | 花“时间/金钱”sb. spend money/time on sth./(in)doingsth. |
| I spend one hour (in)doing /on my homework. | |
| pay 过去式 paid | 花“金钱” sb. pay money for sth. |
| I paid five dollars for my new notebook. | |
| take 过去式took | 花“时间”It takes sb. time to do sth. |
| It took me one day to visit the science museum. | |
| cost 过去式cost | 花“金钱”sth. cost sb. money |
| This bike cost me two hundred. | |
| so that 以便 | that后接句子，表“目的” |
| I get up early this morningso thatI can catch the bus. | |
| so……that……如此……以至于…… | so后接形容词/副词 |
| The movie issointerestingthatI want to watch it again. | |
| such…… that ……如此……以至于…… | such修饰名词 |
| It’ssuchan interesting movie that I want to watch it again. | |
| too……to do ……太……而不能…… | too 后接形容词/副词 |
| He istooyoungtolook after himself. | |
| not ……enough to do……不足够去做某事 | enough 用法口诀：enough放在名前形副后 |
| He is not oldenoughto look after himself. | |
| across介词，穿过,不能单独使用 | 从物体表面横穿，一般指穿过马路、街道 | He walks across the road. |
| cross动词，穿过 | He crosses the road. | |
| through介词，穿过 | 从内部穿过,穿过“森林、城市等” | He goes through the forest alone. |
| though [ðoʊ] | 连词，虽然，即使 |
| through [θruː] | 介词，穿过 |
| thought [θɔːt] | 动词think的过去式 |
| also | “也” | 句中，be动词后，实义动词前 |
| too | 肯定句句末，前用逗号隔开 | |
| either | 否定句句末，前用逗号隔开 |
