人教版(新目标)初中英语八年级下册Unit10 知识点精析(2)
点击免费领取中考核心考点资料!
01
词汇讲解
1. for/since
(1) for与表示一段时间的词连用,表示“做某事多长时间了”,常用于现在完成时,表示从过去某时开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如:
I’ve lived inChinafor two years. 我住在中国两年了。
I’ve known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他20多年了。
(2) since作连词,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句常用完成时。例如:
I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。
I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。
since还可以作介词,连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如:
She has been ill since last weekend.
她自从上周末就病了。
She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.
自从四年前她就在武汉。
2. maker
maker是名词,意为“生产者;制造者”,是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中,表示职业或身份的名词小结:
(1) 以-ist结尾的有:
pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家
physicist物理学家 scientist科学家
(2) 以-er,-r或-or结尾的有:
teacher教师 painter画家
writer作家 singer歌唱家
visitor参观者 actor演员
engineer工程师 inventor发明家
professor教授 reporter记者
(3) 以-man结尾的有:
postman邮递员 policeman警察
businessman商人 spaceman宇航员
fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工
(4) 以-ian结尾的有:
musician音乐家 politician政治家
3. certain
certain作形容词,意为“某种;某事;某人”。例如:
He decided to sell his certain books.
他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。
【拓展】certain作形容词,意为“确定的;无疑的”,相当于sure,对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中:
be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事
be certain / sure + that从句 确信…… 例如:
They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。
I’m certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。
4. a 46-year-old husband and father
46-year-old是复合形容词,这种形容词有两个特点:一是词与词之间要用连字符连接;二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。例如:
a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子
【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结:
(1) 基数词 + years old。例如:
He is 8 years old. 他八岁了。
(2) 基础词-year-old。例如:
Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。
(3) 名词 + of + 基础词。例如:
Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。
(4) at the age of + 基数词。例如:
She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。
5. shame
shame是不可数名词,意为“羞耻;羞愧;惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用,表示“可耻的人或事;可惜(遗憾)的事”。例如:
He felt no shame for what he had done.
他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。
It’s a shame that you can’t stay for dinner.
你不能留下吃晚饭,真遗憾。
【拓展】shame常见的短语有:
feel shame at…因……而感到羞愧
in shame羞愧地
have no shame无羞耻心
with shame羞愧地
to one’s shame令某人感到羞愧的是
bring shame on使丢脸
6. regard
regard作及物动词,意为“注视;注意;认作”。常用短语regard…as…意为“将……视为……;把……当作……”,as为介词,其后可接名词或代词。例如:
I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。
We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。
7. opposite
(1) opposite作介词,意为“在……对面”,相当于across from,常与名词一起构成介词短语,表方位。例如:
They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。
(2) opposite作形容词,意为“另一边的;对面的;相反的”。例如:
We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。
(3) opposite作副词,意为“在对面”。例如:
There’s an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。
(4) opposite作名词,意为“相反的人或物;对立面”,常与介词of一起使用。例如:
“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。
8. consider
consider作动词,意为“考虑、认为”,它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。
Please consider my suggestion.
请考虑我的建议。
Why don’t you consider visiting Qing Dao?
你为什么不考虑去青岛参观?
I consider that he is a selfish man.
我认为他是一个自私的人。
【拓展】
后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳:
完成,实践,值得,忙(finish, practice, be worth, be busy);
考虑,建议,不禁,想(consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like);
错过,习惯,(别)放弃(miss, be used to, give up);
继续,喜欢,(要)介意(keep on, enjoy, mind)。
练一练:
I. 英汉互译。
1. 多久___________________
2. not …any more __________
3. grow up_____________
4. 起初___________________
5. as for __________________
6. give up_____________
7. 至少________________
8. 一年一两次________________
9. according to ______________
10. in order to___________________
II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出所缺单词。
1. All my life I have tried to be an _________(诚实的) man.
2. He tied a _________(围巾) around his neck.
3. Please ________(检查) your answer again.
4. It’s very comfortable to step on the _________(柔软的) ground in the spring.
5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build _________(铁路).
6. He is the tallest one _____(在……当中) the boys.
7. In judging him you should ________(仔细考虑) his youth.
8. I have many pleasant _________(回忆) of our friendship.
9. My little son can _________(数数) from one to ten.
10. Miss Li _______(搜寻) on the Internet for the information she needed.
III. 用since或for填空。
1. Jill has been inIreland_________ Monday.
2. Jill has been inIreland_________ three days.
3. My aunt has lived inAustralia_________ 15 days.
4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______ 7 o’clock.
5.Indiahas been an independent country ________ 1947.
