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人教版(新目标)初中英语八年级下册Unit 7(2)

2020-04-08 15:58:10中考网整理
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  London has a population of over ten million.

  伦敦的人口超过一千万。

  (2) population可与large,small搭配,但不能与many,few搭配。例如:

  The city with its large population has become crowded.

  这个人口众多的城市变得拥挤不堪了。

  (3) 询问人口数量常用what或how large。例如:

  What’s the population of the city? =

  How large is the population of the city?

  这个城市有多少人口?

  (4) population前有修饰词,如分数、百分数时,表示整体人口中的一部分,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

  One half of the population of the city are farmers.

  这个城市的一半人口是农民。

  2. protect

  protect作及物动词,意为“保护”。常用搭配protect sb./sth. from/against…,意为“保护某人/某物免受……伤害”。例如:

  We should protect rare animals.

  我们应该保护珍稀动物。

  Parents protect their young from danger.

  父母保护他们的儿女不受伤害。

  3. include

  include作动词,意为“包括;包含”。例如:

  The price for the hotel includes breakfast.

  旅店的费用包括早餐在内。

  The parcel included a dictionary.

  那包裹里有一本字典。

  【拓展】

  including除了是include的现在分词/动名词之外,在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用,和其后的名词/代词一起形成介宾短语,意思是“包括……在内”。例如:

  There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham.

  有很多种月饼,包括水果的,咖啡的和火腿月饼。

  There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.

  班里有40名学生,包括我在内。

  同样,included也有介词用法,且:including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。

  所以上个例句亦可写成:There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.

  4. succeed

  succeed作不及物动词,意为“成功”;表示做某事做成功了,succeed 后通常接in doing sth。例如:

  His plan succeeded.他的计划成功了。

  At last he succeeded in solving the problem.

  他终于把那个问题解决了。

  She succeeded in passing the exam. 她考试及格了。

  【拓展】

  (1)success 表示抽象意义的“成功”,作不可数名词;表示具体意义的“成功的人或事”, 则是可数名词。例如:

  Failure is the mother of success.

  失败是成功之母。

  His new book was a great success.

  他新出版的书获得了巨大成功。

  (2)successful作形容词,意为“成功的”。例如:

  The performance was successful. 演出很成功。

  It was a successful experiment.

  那是一次成功的试验。

  5. achieve

  (1)achieve作及物动词,意为“完成;实现”。例如:

  You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.

  你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。

  Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.

  要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。

  No one can achieve anything without effort.

  谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。

  (2)achieve作及物动词,意为“达到;赢得”。例如:

  The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.

  那位演员十九岁时就成名了。

  She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。

  【拓展】

  achievement作名词,意为“成就;成绩”。例如:

  The invention of the computer is a great achievement.

  发明电脑是一大成就。

  6. force

  (1)force作名词,意为“力;力量;武力”。例如:

  The force of the explosion broke all the windows in the building.

  爆炸的力量震碎了这座建筑上的所有窗户。

  The law should remain in force.

  法律应当有效力。

  We’ll settle the problem by force if necessary.

  如果有必要的话,我们会用武力解决这个问题。

  (2)force作动词,意为“强迫”。force sb. to do sth.意为“强迫某人做某事”。例如:

  I can’t force him to stay.

  我不能强迫他暂时留下来。

  7. weigh

  weigh表示“称……的重量”,是及物动词;表示“重(多少)”,是不及物动词。

  He weighed the fish.  他称了这条鱼。

  Do you often weigh yourself? 你经常称体重吗?

  He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。

  The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。

  【拓展】

  weight是名词,意为“重量,体重”。例如:

  What’s your weight? 你体重是多少?

  比较:by weight 和 in weight

  by weight表示“按重量”,in weight表示“重量上”。例如:

  Do they charge carriage by weight?

  他们是按重量收取运费吗?

  It’s smaller in size but greater in weight.

  它体积比较小,但分量比较重。

  8. take in

  take in意为“吸入;吞入(体内)”。例如:

  On weekends the Smiths usually drive to the countryside and take in the fresh air there.

  周末,史密斯一家常驱车到农村去呼吸那里的新鲜空气。

  【拓展】

  (1)take in意为“领会;理解”。例如:

  Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.

  动手翻译句子之前,首先要理解单词的含义。

  (2)take in意为“欺骗;蒙蔽”。例如:

  Law will protect the girl taken in and sold by the abductor.

  法律将保护那位被人贩子欺骗和拐卖的姑娘。

  (3) take in意为“接收;收留”。例如:

  The poor man had nowhere to live in, so we took him in.

  那个可怜的人没有地方住,所以我们让他住在我家。

  练一练:

  I. 英汉短语互译。

  1.出生时________________

  2.跌倒________________

  3.和某人一起玩________________

  4.砍伐________________

  5.吸入;吞入(体内)________________

  6.in the future________________

  7.talk about________________

  8.walk into________________

  9.as far as I know________________

  10.give up________________

  II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。

  1.Every year thousands of t______ come to visit my hometown.

  2.The Great Wall is an a_______ man-made object.

  3.Many animals are in danger.We should do something to p______ them.

  4.Work hard and you can a______ your dream.

  5.It’s midnight,but I am not asleep,I am still a______.

  6.Pandas feed on ______(竹子).

  7.______(日本) is to the east of China.

  8.His ______(病)was more serious than the doctor first thought.

  9.The ______(旅行) took in six European capitals.

  10.Are there any ______(野生的)animals in the forest?

  III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

  1.I want to know the ______(weigh) of the vegetables.

  2.My sister couldn’t get to sleep.She was still _______(wake).

  3.The boys were running in ______(excite).

  4.He died after a long _______(ill).

  5.She _______ (fall) over and broke her leg.

  【参考答案】

  I. 英汉短语互译。

  1.at birth  2.fall over  3.play with sb.

  4.cut down  5.take in

  6.在将来  7.谈论  8.撞到;走进

  9.据我所知  10.放弃

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