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初中英语必考八大时态结构及用法详解(2)

2020-01-15 17:33:05中考网整理
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  一般将来时

  标志:will / shall + 动词原形

  1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如:

  We shall have a lot of rain next month.

  My husband will come back in a few days.

  2.  表示倾向性和习惯性:

  Fish will die without water.

  When it gets warmer, the snow will start to melt.

  3.  一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析:

  1) will / shall + 动词原形

  多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)

  *shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称

  2) be going to + 动词原形

  表示即将发生或打算要做的事:

  It is going to rain.

  We are going to have a meeting today.

  3) be to + 动词原形

  表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作:

  He is to visit Japan next year.

  We are to discuss the report on Monday.

  4)  be about to + 动词原形

  表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如:

  The plane is about to start.

  Don’t worry. I am about to make a close examination on you.

  4

  现在进行时

  标志:be + 动词的现在分词

  1.  表示说话时正在进行的动作:

  She is writing a letter upstairs.

  Who are you waiting for?

  It is raining hard.

  2.  表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行):

  I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel.

  3.  表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:

  John is forever asking silly questions like a stupid.

  He is always thinking of others first.

  4. 表示将来

  1)  表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

  Uncle Wang is coming.

  They're leaving for Beijing.

  2)  在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如:

  Please drop in when you are passing my way.

  If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up.

  5

  过去进行时

  标志:was / were + 动词的现在分词

  1.  表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如:

  I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.

  They were watching TV at home last night.

  2.  表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如:

  My brother was always losing his keys.

  3.  表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如:

  He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.

  4.  过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生):

  Granny fell asleep when she was reading.

  It was raining when they left the station.

  6

  现在完成时

  标志:have / has + 动词的过去分词

  1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果,强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如:

  He has left the city. (结果:他目前不在这个城市)

  Someone has broken the window. (结果:窗户破了)

  2. 表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也可能还会继续持续下去(表示“未完成”)。

  I have been busy since last week.

  He has taught in our school for 30 years.

  I’ve finished half so far.

  注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的,但其否定结构则可以。如:

  She hasn’t seen you for ages.

  His father hasn’t touched beer for a whole week.

  3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态,常与表示频度的副词always, often, every day等连用。如:

  I have often heard that he is the cleverest person in that company.

  4. 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如:

  I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.

  If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go the park.

  5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语

  能与现在完成时连用的词语很多,just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently等,但常见的有:

  1) since 自从

  I have been there many times since the war.

  We haven’t seen each other since last week.

  We have been friends ever since.

  2) in / for / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中

  I’ve been ill for the past three weeks.

  Great changes have take place in the last ten years.

  I have been here (for) the last/past month.

  3) so far 到目前为止

  We haven’t had any trouble so far.

  So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless.

  4)  up to/until now 到现在为止

  Up to now he’s been quiet.

  Up to now, the work has been easy.

  I have heard nothing from him up till now.

  Up till now we have planted over 2000 trees.

  5)  It is/will be the first/second … time that … 这是第一/二…次…

  It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

  It will be the first time (that) I’ve spoken in public.

  It is the second time (that) I have met him today.

  6)  This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…

  This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.

  6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

  1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果,与现在有联系;

  而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去,不涉及对现在的影响。如:

  I have seen this film. (我已经看过了这部电影)

  I saw this film yesterday. (我是昨天看的这部电影)

  2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用(如for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, always等),或者干脆没有时间状语;

  而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday, last night, …ago, in 1980, in February等)。

  3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词(如live, teach, work, know等);

  而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词(如begin, buy, die, marry等)。如:

  He has lived in Hangzhou since last spring.

  My grandfather bought the car five years ago.

  7. 易错点辨析

  1)  考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达,这是错误的。如:

  (×) He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。

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