2017年中考英语语法专题详解十二
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专题十二 祈使句、感叹句
一、祈使句
(一)、祈使句的结构及用法
祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句点。
1. 肯定的祈使句
(1)动词原形+其他
如： Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。
但有时会在句首加上主语或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。呼语常与句子隔开，动词仍然用原形。
如： Mary， clean the windows!And you boys，wash the floor!
(2)Be + adj.
如：Be careful! = Look out! = Take care!
(3)Let's + 动词原形
如：Let’s go to school together.
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形
如： Don't stand up. Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire.
(2) Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形
如： Let's not say anything about it.
3.祈使句的反意疑问句
(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
如： Please open the door, will/ won’t you?
(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。
如： Don't be late again, will you?
(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we，let us开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.
如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you?
Let's turn on the TV, shall we?
4. 特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help! Patience! Quickly! Hands up!
5. 祈使句的强调形式。有时为了加强语气，可以再动词前加上do，表示“务必，一定”。
如：Do be careful!
(二)、祈使句用于两个重要句型中
1.“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。
2.“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。
如：Hurry up , and you’ll catch the train. (=If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train.)
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train.(=If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train.)
二、感叹句
(一)感叹句的结构及用法
感叹句是抒发强烈感情的句子，如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等，书面语中句末用感叹号。常由what或者how引导,都表示“多么”。
1、 what引导的感叹句 what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：
(1)What+a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)!
如： What a nice girl (she is)!
What an interesting movie(it is)!
(2)What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+(主语+谓语)!
如：What kind women they are!
What nice music/bad weather/good news(it is)!
2、how引导的感叹句 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构有：
(1)How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!
如：How hard the workers work!
How clever the girl is!
注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
如：How fast the runner runs!
(2)How +形容词+ a +名词+ 主语+谓语。
如：How clever a boy he is!
(二)特殊形式的感叹句
1、在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。
如：Great ! How cold ! Look out! What a fool! What a pity! My goodness!
2、Here/There开头的感叹句：
(1).Here/There+主语(代词)+谓语
如：Here he comes!
(2).Here/There+谓语+主语(名词)
如：Here comes the bus!
实战演练(2×50) 计分:
1. ___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. What nice
2. ___terrible weather we are having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How
3. --- __ ___ I had!
--- You really had a lot.
A. What a great time B. What great time C. How great time
4. __________ he runs!
A. How fast B. What fast C. What a fast
5. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turning down it
6. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't B. Don't be C. Not be
7. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.
A. Not B. Doesn't C. Don't
8. Please help me carry it, ___ ___?
A. will I B. will you C. shall we
9. Don't make so much noise, ____ __?
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we
10. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.
A. brings B. bring C. bringing
11. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.
A. Telling B. To tell C. Tell
12. ---________ nice girl Alice is!
---Yes, she is always ready to help others.
A. What a B. How C. What
13. ________ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO!
A. What B. What an C. How
14. __________ the lights when you leave a room.
A. Turn off B. Turning off C. To turn off
15. _______ tall the girl is! She is sure to become a good basketball player.
A. How B. What a C. What
16. ---Try not to be late for school next time.
---Sure, I ________.
A. don’t B. won’t C. haven’t
17. ___ ____she dances!
A. How good B. How well C. What well
18. _ _ __ bright girls they are!
A. What B. What a C. How
19. __ __ hard work it is!
A. How B. What C. What a
20. Please _ ___, they’re having a meeting.
A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. no speaking
21. ___ _ to meet me at the station. I’ll be waiting there.
A. Not forget B. Forget not C Don’t forget
22. Lucy, __ __ the door or someone will come in.
A. close B. closes C. closing
23. ___________play soccer in the streets. It’s too dangerous.
A. Let’s B. Don’t C. Do
24. __ __ friendly he is!
A. What B. How C. What a
25. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ___ _?
A. won’t we B. will you C. shall we
26. A sign with the words“__ __” is often found in a bus.
A. No parking B. No smoking C. Turn Left
27.___ __his father works!
A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful
28. ____ __heavy snow!
A. What a B. What C. How
29. _______the mooncakes are!
A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious
30. Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock.
A. is sure that B. will be sure C. be sure
31. Let us do it at once, ________ ?
A. shall we B will you C do we
32. Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
A . not B. don’t C. aren’t
33. ______ tell a lie.
A. Not B. No C. Never
34. --You look very tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?
-- All right.
A. Why not B. How about C. Why don’t
35. They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
A. not they B. no they C. don’t they
36. ________ your child. We’ll look after him.
A. Not to worry about B. Don’t worry about C. No worry about
37. ________ talk any more! It’s time for class!
A. Stop B. Don’t C. No
38. _________ exciting news! We’ll have a long vacation after the exam.
A. How B. What an C. What
39. __________ speak loudly in the movie theater.
A. Can’t B. Don’t C. Not
40. It’s 7:30 now. Let’s ________ work.
A. go B. going to C. go to
41. ________ time flies!
A. What B. How C. What a
42. _________ a pity!
A. How B. What C. How a
43. Let’s ________ loudly in public.
A. don’t talk B. no talking C. not talk
44. ________ Mr Right is!
A. How kind man B. What kind man C. What a kind man
45. ____ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. What a long way it is
46. ____ nice picture you gave me!
A. How B. What C. What a
47. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how B. What, what C. How, what
48. ____ ___ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. What C. What a
49. _ ___old bike Li Lei is riding!
A. What a B. What an C. How
50. _______I miss you!
A. What B. How C. How do
参考答案：
1—5 C A A A A 6---10 B C B A B 11---15 C A C A A 16---20 B B A B B
21---25 C A B B C 26---30 B B B A C 31---35 B B C B C 36---40 B B C B C
41---45 B B C C C 46---50 C A A B B
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