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(十一)动词的语态

1. 语态定义：英语中表示主语和谓语之间的关系的动词形式称为语态。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。We teach English in our school .(主动) English is taught in our school .(被动)

2. 被动语态：助动词Be 及物动词的过去分词(be p.p.)，be有人称、时态和数的变化。见下表：

时 态 谓语动词的形式 例 子

一般现在时 Am / is / are 动词过去分词 Colour TVs are made in the factory .

一般过去时 Was / were 动词过去分词 My hometown was liberated in 1949 .

一般将来时 Shall / will be 动词过去分词 The film will be shown again .

现在进行时 Am / is / are being 动词过去分词 The walls are being painted .

过去进行时 Was / were being动词过去分词 The tickets were being well sold then .

现在完成时 Has / have been 动词过去分词 A new road has been built here .

时 态 谓语动词的形式 例 子

过去完成时 Had been 动词过去分词 Much had been done before mother came back .

含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 be 动词过去分词 The composition must be handed in today .

3. 被动语态中值得注意的问题：

○1 带有双宾语的动词，可以把任何一个宾语变被动，一般在间接宾语前加适当的介词。My father gave me a book ./ I was given a book by my father ./ A book was given to me by my father .

○2 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .

○3 在英语中有时