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　　　11

　　　　Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" (×)

　　　　Suppose your name is Tom. The phone rings and you pick it up. The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" (√)

　　　　[析] 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm ××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××." 就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××.""My name is ×××××."并没有错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。

　　　　12

　　　　— Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

　　　　— I don't hope so.(×)

　　　　— Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

　　　　— I hope not.(√)

　　　　[析] 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so/I hope so/ I believe so是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so. 但I don't believe so. 和 I don't hope so. 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not.和 I hope not.则为：我想可能不会发生吧!