2024年初中英语知识点总结:被动语态
一、 被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be +过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) - -般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done -般过去时
例| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.
5) had been done过去完成时
例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in
6) was/were being done过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when | was there.
7) shall/will be done -般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be +过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present
by his mother for his birthday.
3)当” 动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如"动词+介词”，"动词+副词” 等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(-般时态和完成态)。
二、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。
例My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例Iwas given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或"相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型"It+ be +过去分词+ that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to
do sth."。有:
It is said that...据说,It is reported that.. .据报道，It is believed tha...大家相信，It is hoped tha..大家希望，It is well known th..众所周知，It is thought th...大家认为,
It is suggested that.. .据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (= The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )一、 被动语态的构成形式
1.被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be +过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) - -般现在时
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done现在完成时
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done现在进行时
例A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done -般过去时
例| was given ten minutes to decide whether | should reject the offer.
5) had been done过去完成时
例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in
6) was/were being done过去进行时
例A meeting was being held when | was there.
7) shall/will be done -般将来时
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done过去将来时
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done将来完成时(少用)
例The project will have been completed before July.
2.被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+ be +过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present
by his mother for his birthday.
3)当” 动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如"动词+介词”，"动词+副词” 等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3.非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态(-般时态和完成态)。
二、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by短语)。
例My bike was stolen last night.
2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例Iwas given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3.为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或"相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型"It+ be +过去分词+ that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to
do sth."。有:
It is said that...据说,It is reported that.. .据报道，It is believed tha...大家相信，It is hoped tha..大家希望，It is well known th..众所周知，It is thought th...大家认为,
It is suggested that.. .据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (= The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
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