2024年初中英语知识点：过去完成时精讲
过去完成时精讲
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一. 过去完成时
1. 定义：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。
2. 构成：had+过去分词
注意：had是助动词
Soon I realized I had made a serious mistake.
我很快就意识到我犯了一个严重的错误。
The man sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous. He had not flown before.
飞机上坐在我旁边的人很紧张，他以前从没乘过飞机。
Had he gone home when you arrived?
你到的时候他已经回家了吗?
(2)常用时间状语：
1) by +过去时间点或句子;
2) before+过去时间点或句子;
3) when+句子。
3. 用法及标志性词：
① 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 如：
I had finished my homework before supper.
我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
The play had already started when we got to the theatre.
我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。
By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients.
到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
By 5:00 yesterday morning we had done that work.
到昨天早上5点钟时，我们已经做完了那件工作。
He had just finished sweeping the classroom when the teacher returned from the office.
老师从办公室回来时，他刚把教室打扫完。
They came earlier than we had expected.
他们到得比我们预料的要早。
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
我在进大学之前就已学了5000个单词。
It rained yesterday after it had been dry for manymonths.
旱了好几个月之后，昨天下雨了。
注意：
① 在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句动作和主句动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
The train (had) started before I reached the station.
在我到达车站之前，列车已经开了。
After he(had)arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
②过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，
常与for，since等词连用。如：
He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year.
他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。
He told me that he had known her since he was a child.
他告诉我他从小就认识她。
He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study.
他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in the factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
John and Jane had known each other for a long time before their marriage.
约翰和简在结婚前就认识很长时间了。
She said she had made much progress since she came here.
她说自从她到这儿后已取得了很大的进步。
比较：
by the end of + 将来时间点，表示将来, 意为“,到...为止”.通常与一般将来时连用.如：
By the end of 2030, I will go to Hainan to spend my holiday.
到2030年底的时候, 我要去海南度假.
By the end of last month I had spent all my money
到上个月底时，我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
③叙述过去发生的事情之后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。如：
Tom flew home, but his father had already died.
汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。
Tom died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
汤姆昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。
④在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
⑤过去完成时用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中，这时从句的动作发生在主句的过去的动作之前。如：
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
4. 表示意向的动词，如hope,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
我们本希望你能来，但是你没来。
The terrorists had planned to hijack the airplane, but they were arrested by the agents.
恐怖分子本打算要劫机，但是他们被情报人员逮捕了。(企图失败)
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：
① 过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的过去时间状语连用，但意思有明显区别。试比较：
He had finished his homework by eight.
他到八点钟的时候已经完成家庭作业了。
He finished his homework at eight.
他在八点钟完成了家庭作业。
②用在宾语从句中，主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中，既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较：
He said he was a soldier.
他说他是位军人。
He said he had been a soldier.
他说他曾当过兵。
编辑推荐：
