2024年初中英语语法-过去将来时
一. 过去将来时的含义
表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句中。例如：
I didn’t know if he would come.
我不知道他是否会来。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
She didn’t tell me where she would go.
她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday.
贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。
构成
Structure
过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中，过去将来时的助动词一律用“would+动词原形”。
同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。句型如下：
肯定句：主语+be(was，were)going to+动词原形+其他
否定句：主语+be(was，were)not going to+动词原形+其他
疑问句：Be(Was，Were)+主语+going to+动词原形+其他
肯定句：主语+would(should)+动词原形+其他
否定句：主语+would(should)not+动词原形 +其他
疑问句：Would(Should)+主语+动词原形+其他
二. 过去将来时的用法
(1)过去将来时(The Past Future tense)表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作。过去将来时的时间状语有later，soon，the next(day)等。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时，而应该使用一般过去时。
如:
would pay
He promised that heme a lot if I helpedhimwith the project.
would sit down
他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目。Everytimewhenhewas free, heand readsome books.
每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书。
(2)表示纯粹的将来时用would或should，表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/weregoingto(+动词原形)。
如:
would
She told me shebe 18 the next month.
她告诉我她下个月就18岁了。
was going to
Shetoldmethat shehave a walk with her pet dog.
她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步。
1.“would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如：
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
2.“was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看来好像要下雨。
3. come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
4. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。
常见考法
对于过去将来时的考查，多以单选、词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用过去将来时，以及如何正确使用。过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。
典型例题1：He said he some cakes for me.but now he hasn't come bake yet.
A will buy B would buy C bought D buy
解析：从后句中“现在他还没回来”可知是“他过去说他将要买蛋糕给我”，相对于他说话时，买蛋糕是将要发生的事情，所以用 过去将来时would buy.
答案：B
三. 过去将来时典型错误例析
1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。
误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。
2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。
误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。
误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。
误区提醒
过去将来时是一个较为简单的知识点，在初中阶段，要牢记住它的构成以及用法“在宾语从句中，当主句是一般过去时，从句要表达将要发生的事情时，用过去将来时”，在考试中这一点经常出现。
典型例题1：She told us she (see) a movie with us if she was free.
解析：题干的意思是“她告诉我们，如果她有空，她将会和我们一起看电影”，“看电影”还没发生，要用将来时，而主句told是一般过去时，宾语从句也要用过去时。所以用过去将来时。
答案：would see或was going to see
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