1. and、but、or和so都是连词，用来连接单词、短语或句子。

★连词and表示“和，并，而且”，可以用来连接两个结构对等的成分，也可以起承上启下的作用，所连接的成分之间是并列关系。例如：When he returned, Tina and Sue had already gone.Some children can read and write before they go to school.

★连词but表示“但是，而，可是”，所连接的成分之间是转折关系。例如：I got it wrong. It wasn't the red one but the blue one.His mother won't be there, but his father might.

★连词or表示“或者”，所连接的成分之间是选择关系。但是，在否定句中，or表示的是并列关系，而不是选择关系。例如：Is Susan older or younger than you?She does not enjoy going to parties or dining out.

★连词so表示“所以”，所连接的句子之间是因果关系。例如：It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.We don't like it here so we've decided to move.

2. both ... and ...、not only ... but (also) ...、either ... or ... 和neither ... nor ...

both ... and ...、not only ... but (also) ...、either ... or ... 和neither ... nor ... 都是连词，可以连接两个并列的成分，如主语、谓语、宾语等。例如：Both my sister and I can play the piano.Mr White not only likes music but (also) enjoys sports.You can have either tea or coffee.

★both ... and ... 意为“……和……都”。如果both ... and ... 连接的两个成分作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：Both New York and London have traffic problems.

★not only ... but (also) ... 意为“不但……而且……”。如果not only ... but (also) ... 连接的两个成分作主语，谓语动词通常与but (also)后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。例如：Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the film.

★either ... or ... 意为“不是……就是……;或者……或者……”。如果either ... or ... 连接的两个成分作主语，谓语动词通常与or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，也应遵循“就近原则”。例如：Either you or I am right about this maths problem.

★neither ... nor ... 意为“既不……也不……”。如果neither ... nor ... 连接的两个成分作主语，谓语动词通常与nor后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，也应遵循“就近原则”。例如： Neither Linda nor Mary is good at drawing.

随堂练习

Ⅰ. 从各题后所给的选项中选出最佳答案。

1. The doctors worked for ten hours, ________ nobody took a break.A. soB. forC. butD. or2. —Does Lisa come from the US ________ the UK?—Sorry, I don't know.A. and B. or C. but3. —I'm the only child in my family, Tom.—I don't have brothers ________ sisters, either.A. andB. orC. butD. for4. —Jamie, please send me postcards ________ I'll know where you have visited.—It's a good idea!A. butB. soC. orD. for5. Many tourists visit Hainan around the Spring Festival, because it's ________ too cold ________ too hot.A. both ... and ...B. not only ... but also ...C. neither ... nor ...6. —Mom, can I have the pink skirt and the white shirt? I like them very much.—Sorry, baby. They cost too much, but you can choose ________ the skirt ________ the shirt.A. both; andB. either; orC. neither; nor7. ________ Tom ________ Tim is going with you because one of them must stay at home.A. Either; orB. Neither; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also8. Mr Green is our English teacher ________ he teaches us English well.A. orB. soC. andD. but9. ________ human beings ________ animals can live without air.A. Both; andB. Either; orC. Neither; norD. Not only; but also10. —How do you like the film series The Battle at Lake Changjin?—It's great! ________ the first ________ the second film of the series is wonderful.A. Either; orB. Neither; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but alsoⅡ. 根据汉语意思，完成下列英语句子，每空词数不限。1. 等公共汽车时间太久会让人不耐烦。Waiting too long for the bus can ____________________.2. 你在走这一步之前，必须三思。You must ____________________ before you take this step.3. 饭后，Lily和Lucy都主动要求洗碗。After dinner, ____________________ offered to ____________________.4. Joe和他的父母都没有去过盐城。Neither Joe nor his parents ____________________ Yancheng.5. 你们不必过于为我担心，我能照顾好自己。You needn't ____________________ me. I can take good care of myself.6. 我们不仅要提高自身能力，还要学会接受别人的建议。 We should not only improve our abilities ____________________.

参考答案

Ⅰ. 1—5 CBBBC 6—10 BACCDⅡ. 1. make people impatient2. think twice3. both Lily and Lucy; do / wash the dishes4. have been to5. worry too much about6. but (also) learn to accept others' advice

       编辑推荐：

       2024年中考各科目重点知识汇总